7.1 Reforms introduced by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.)

• The Jahiliyya period as background
• Socio-religious reforms of the Prophet (S.A.W.)
• Political reforms of the Prophet (S.A.W.)
• Economic reforms of the Prophet (S.A.W.)
• Importance of the reforms to world civilisation
• Lessons from the reforms for daily life

• describe the socio-religious, political and economic reforms introduced by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) as an agent of change
• assess the importance of those reforms to world civilisation
• apply lessons learnt from the reforms
• treasure the reforms for a morally upright society

“What are the benefits of the reforms introduced by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.)?”

“What lessons do Muslims learn from the reforms introduced by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.)?”

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1. The Jahiliyya period
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   Ignorance of guidance: idols, buried girls, clan revenge, riba and khamr — the scene the Prophet (S.A.W.) was sent to change.
2. Religious reform: Tawhid
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   The first reform: one Lord, 112:1 and 16:36, idols fall, ibadah returns to Allah.
3. Social reform: girls live
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   81:8-9 and 16:58-59: the buried girl is asked; shame at a daughter is named; she will inherit (4:7).
4. Social reform: brotherhood
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   49:13 and 49:10: tribes to know one another; believers are brothers; taqwa is honour, not clan.
5. Social reform: knowledge and akhlaq
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   Iqra 96:1-5; 68:4 great character; 5:90 no khamr — knowledge and morals as public reform.
6. Political reform: justice and shura
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   4:58 and 5:8 justice; 42:38 and 3:159 shura — good governance as a prophetic reform.
7. Political reform: Madinah
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   A living-together of written terms: security and justice beyond one tribe; leadership as amanah.
8. Economic reform: zakat and no riba
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   9:60 and 2:43 zakat as a right; 2:275 trade yes, riba no — the weak not eaten.
9. Economic reform: fair trade and her share
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   83:1-3 full measure; 4:7 women inherit; 4:4 mahr — the market and the estate reformed.
10. Comparing Jahiliyya and after
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    A three-row compare: idols/Tawhid, girl shame/she lives, riba-clan/zakat-qist — critical thinking without insults.
11. Importance of the reforms to civilisation
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    Benefits: written justice, women's legal share, brotherhood, knowledge as worship, a market with a scale.
12. Lessons from the reforms
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    Inquiry two: change is possible; start with Tawhid; qist over clan; the girl is not junk; wealth must be clean.
13. Apply and treasure the reforms
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    Kenya week of qist, her desk, a full measure; dramatise contrast with adab; treasure Tawhid, qist, Iqra; recap both inquiries.