4.2 Internal Land Forming Processes

• Types and causes of earth movements
• The theory of continental drift
• The theory of plate tectonics
• Faulting and types of faults
• Formation of a rift valley
• Formation of block mountains and other features of faulting
• Effects of faulting on human activities
• Locating features of faulting, and awareness of faulting disasters

• explore the types and causes of earth movements in the environment
• explain the theories of continental drift and plate tectonics in the formation of continents
• illustrate the formation of selected features due to faulting in the environment
• explain the effects of faulting on human activities
• recognise internal land-forming processes in shaping the landscape and their influence on human activities

“How do landforms influence human activities?”

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1. Earth movements: types and causes
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Rocks are pulled apart, pushed together, lifted or sunk by forces inside the earth.
2. The theory of continental drift
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Pangaea broke up and the continents are still drifting: the jigsaw, the fossils, the rocks, the ice.
3. The theory of plate tectonics
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   The crust is broken into plates carried by mantle currents; where they part, rifts form.
4. Faulting and types of faults
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   A fault is a crack along which rocks moved: normal, reverse and tear faults.
5. How a rift valley forms
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Tension sinks a block between two faults; compression pushes the sides up.
6. Block mountains and other features of faulting
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Horsts, tilted blocks, escarpments and rift lakes, with East African examples.
7. Effects of faulting on human activities
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Geothermal power, soda ash, tourism and fishing; earthquakes, cracks, landslides and dangerous roads.
8. Locating features of faulting and preparing for disasters
   40 min · 2 practice tasks · quiz
   Two branches of the rift and their lakes in the atlas, and posters on faulting disasters.