2.2 Timber conversion and seasoning

• Timber conversion: through-and-through, quarter sawing, tangential sawing
• Seasoning: reducing the moisture in timber
• Methods of seasoning: air (natural) and kiln (artificial)
• The role of technology and safety in timber conversion

• describe the methods of timber conversion
• illustrate the methods of timber seasoning
• stack timber correctly for air seasoning
• appreciate the role of technology in enhancing safety during timber conversion

“Why must timber be converted and seasoned before use?”

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1. Why timber is converted and seasoned
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   An overview: a felled log is not ready to use - it must be converted (sawn) and seasoned (dried) first.
2. What conversion is: from log to plank
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Conversion in detail - sawing a round log into flat planks and boards, and the terms used.
3. Through-and-through sawing
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   The first conversion method - through-and-through (slash) sawing: how it works and its qualities.
4. Quarter sawing
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   The second conversion method - quarter sawing: how it works, its stability, and its cost.
5. Tangential sawing
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   The third conversion method - tangential sawing: how it works, its figured grain and its uses.
6. Comparing and choosing conversion methods
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Bringing the three conversion methods together and choosing the right one for a job.
7. Seasoning: moisture in timber
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   What seasoning is - reducing the moisture in timber - and why green timber is full of water.
8. Why timber must be seasoned
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   The defects of unseasoned timber - warping, cracking, shrinking, rot - and the benefits of seasoning.
9. Air (natural) seasoning
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Air seasoning - drying timber naturally in the open air: how it works and its pros and cons.
10. Stacking timber for air seasoning
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    A practical outcome: stacking timber correctly for air seasoning so it dries evenly without warping.
11. Kiln (artificial) seasoning
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Kiln seasoning - drying timber quickly in a heated kiln: how it works and its pros and cons.
12. Comparing air and kiln seasoning
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Comparing the two seasoning methods and choosing between them.
13. Technology and safety in timber conversion
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    How technology (machines) has changed timber conversion and how it enhances safety.
14. Why conversion and seasoning matter
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    The inquiry answered: why timber must be converted and seasoned before use.